SpringBoot中的靜態資源訪問的實現
一、說在前面的話
我們之間介紹過SpringBoot自動配置的原理,基本上是如下:
xxxxAutoConfiguration:幫我們給容器中自動配置組件;xxxxProperties:配置類來封裝配置文件的內容;
二、靜態資源映射規則
1、對哪些目錄映射?
classpath:/META-INF/resources/ classpath:/resources/classpath:/static/ classpath:/public//:當前項目的根路徑
2、什么意思?
就我們在上面五個目錄下放靜態資源(比如:a.js等),可以直接訪問(http://localhost:8080/a.js),類似于以前web項目的webapp下;放到其他目錄下無法被訪問。
3、為什么是那幾個目錄?
3.1、看源碼
我們一起來讀下源碼,這個是SpringBoot自動配置的WebMvcAutoConfiguration.java類來幫我們干的。
@Overridepublic void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) { if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) { logger.debug('Default resource handling disabled'); return; } Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod(); if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern('/webjars/**')) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler('/webjars/**') .addResourceLocations('classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/').setCachePeriod(cachePeriod)); } String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern(); if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern) .addResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()).setCachePeriod(cachePeriod)); }}
3.2、分析源碼
我們重點分析后半截,前半截后面會介紹。
// staticPathPattern是/**String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration( registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern) .addResourceLocations( this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()) .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));}this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()========>ResourcePropertiespublic String[] getStaticLocations() { return this.staticLocations;}========>private String[] staticLocations = RESOURCE_LOCATIONS;========>private static final String[] RESOURCE_LOCATIONS;private static final String[] SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = { '/' };private static final String[] CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = { 'classpath:/META-INF/resources/', 'classpath:/resources/', 'classpath:/static/', 'classpath:/public/' };========>static { // 可以看到如下是對上面兩個數組進行復制操作到一個新數組上,也就是合并。 RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = new String[CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length + SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length]; System.arraycopy(SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS, 0, RESOURCE_LOCATIONS, 0, SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length); System.arraycopy(CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS, 0, RESOURCE_LOCATIONS, SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length, CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length);}所以上述代碼經過我的翻譯后成為了如下樣子:registry.addResourceHandler('/**').addResourceLocations( 'classpath:/META-INF/resources/', 'classpath:/resources/', 'classpath:/static/', 'classpath:/public/', '/') // 設置緩存時間 .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
3.3、一句話概括
WebMvcAutoConfiguration類自動為我們注冊了如下目錄為靜態資源目錄,也就是說直接可訪問到資源的目錄。
classpath:/META-INF/resources/ classpath:/resources/classpath:/static/ classpath:/public//:當前項目的根路徑
優先級從上到下。
所以,如果static里面有個index.html,public下面也有個index.html,則優先會加載static下面的index.html,因為優先級!
4、默認首頁
PS:就是直接輸入ip:port/項目名稱默認進入的頁面。
4.1、看源碼
WebMvcAutoConfiguration.java@Beanpublic WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping( ResourceProperties resourceProperties) { return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(), this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());}
4.2、分析源碼
resourceProperties.getWelcomePage()========>public Resource getWelcomePage() { // 遍歷默認靜態資源目錄后面拼接個index.html的數組 // 比如:[/static/index.html, /public/index.html等等] for (String location : getStaticWelcomePageLocations()) { Resource resource = this.resourceLoader.getResource(location); try { if (resource.exists()) {resource.getURL();return resource; } } catch (Exception ex) { // Ignore } } return null;}========>// 下面這段代碼通俗易懂,就是給默認靜態資源目錄后面拼接個index.html并返回,比如:/static/index.htmlprivate String[] getStaticWelcomePageLocations() { String[] result = new String[this.staticLocations.length]; for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++) { String location = this.staticLocations[i]; if (!location.endsWith('/')) { location = location + '/'; } result[i] = location + 'index.html'; } return result;}
所以上述代碼經過我的翻譯后成為了如下樣子:
return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping( 'classpath:/META-INF/resources/index.html', 'classpath:/resources/index.html', 'classpath:/static/index.html', 'classpath:/public/index.html', '/index.html' , '/**');
4.3、一句話概括
WebMvcAutoConfiguration類自動為我們注冊了如下文件為默認首頁。
classpath:/META-INF/resources/index.htmlclasspath:/resources/index.htmlclasspath:/static/index.html classpath:/public/index.html/index.html
優先級從上到下。
所以,如果static里面有個index.html,public下面也有個index.html,則優先會加載static下面的index.html,因為優先級!
5、favicon.ico
PS:就是這個圖標。
5.1、看源碼
@Configuration@ConditionalOnProperty(value = 'spring.mvc.favicon.enabled', matchIfMissing = true)public static class FaviconConfiguration { private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties; public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) { this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties; } @Bean public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() { SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping(); mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1); mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap('**/favicon.ico', faviconRequestHandler())); return mapping; } @Bean public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() { ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler(); requestHandler .setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations()); return requestHandler; }}
5.2、分析源碼
// 首先可以看到的是可以設置是否生效,通過參數spring.mvc.favicon.enabled來配置,若無此參數,則默認是生效的。@ConditionalOnProperty(value = 'spring.mvc.favicon.enabled', matchIfMissing = true)========》// 可以看到所有的**/favicon.ico都是在faviconRequestHandler()這個方法里找。mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap('**/favicon.ico', faviconRequestHandler()));========》faviconRequestHandler().this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations()// 就是之前的五個靜態資源文件夾。 List<Resource> getFaviconLocations() { List<Resource> locations = new ArrayList<Resource>( this.staticLocations.length + 1); if (this.resourceLoader != null) { for (String location : this.staticLocations) { locations.add(this.resourceLoader.getResource(location)); } } locations.add(new ClassPathResource('/')); return Collections.unmodifiableList(locations);}
5.3、一句話概括
只要把favicon.ico放到如下目錄下,就會自動生效。
classpath:/META-INF/resources/ classpath:/resources/classpath:/static/ classpath:/public//:當前項目的根路徑
6、webjars
6.1、看源碼
WebMvcAutoConfiguration@Overridepublic void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) { if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) { logger.debug('Default resource handling disabled'); return; } Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod(); if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern('/webjars/**')) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler('/webjars/**') .addResourceLocations('classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/').setCachePeriod(cachePeriod)); } String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern(); if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern) .addResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()).setCachePeriod(cachePeriod)); }}
6.2、分析源碼
這次我們來分析前半截。
Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern('/webjars/**')) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration( registry.addResourceHandler('/webjars/**') .addResourceLocations( 'classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/') .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));}
6.3、一句話概括
所有/webjars/**都從classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/路徑下去找對應的靜態資源。
6.4、什么是webjars?
就是以jar包的方式引入靜態資源。
官網地址:http://www.webjars.org/。類似于maven倉庫。
我們可以做個例子,將jquery引入到項目中
<dependency> <groupId>org.webjars</groupId> <artifactId>jquery</artifactId> <version>3.3.1</version></dependency>
看項目依賴
會自動為我們引入jquery,要怎么使用呢?我們上面說過:
所有/webjars/*都從classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/路徑下去找對應的靜態資源。
所以我們啟動項目,訪問:http://localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js即可。
必須在這幾個路徑下SpringBoot才會掃描到!
'classpath:/META-INF/resources/', 'classpath:/resources/','classpath:/static/', 'classpath:/public/' '/':當前項目的根路徑
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