Android 系統服務TelecomService啟動過程原理分析
由于一直負責的是Android Telephony部分的開發工作,對于通信過程的上層部分Telecom服務以及UI都沒有認真研究過。最近恰好碰到一個通話方面的問題,涉及到了Telecom部分,因而就花時間仔細研究了下相關的代碼。這里做一個簡單的總結。這篇文章,主要以下兩個部分的內容:
什么是Telecom服務?其作用是什么? Telecom模塊的啟動與初始化過程;接下來一篇文章,主要以實際通話過程為例,分析下telephony收到來電后如何將電話信息發送到Telecom模塊以及Telecom是如何處理來電。
什么是Telecom服務
Telecom是Android的一個系統服務,其主要作用是管理Android系統當前的通話,如來電顯示,接聽電話,掛斷電話等功能,在Telephony模塊與上層UI之間起到了一個橋梁的作用。比如,Telephony有接收到新的來電時,首先會告知Telecom,然后由Telecom服務通知上層應用來電信息,并顯示來電界面。
Telecom服務對外提供了一個接口類TelecomManager,通過其提供的接口,客戶端可以查詢通話狀態,發送通話請求以及添加通話鏈接等。
從Telecom進程對應的AndroidManifest.xml文件來看,Telecom進程的用戶ID跟系統進程用戶ID相同,是系統的核心服務。那么,其中android:process='system'這個屬性值表示什么意思了?查看官方文檔,這個表示Telecom將啟動在進程system中,這樣可以跟其他進程進行資源共享了(對于Android這個全局進程,就是SystemServer所在的進程)。
android:process
By setting this attribute to a process name that’s shared with another application, you can arrange for components of both applications to run in the same process — but only if the two applications also share a user ID and be signed with the same certificate.
If the name assigned to this attribute begins with a colon (‘:’), a new process, private to the application, is created when it’s needed. If the process name begins with a lowercase character, a global process of that name is created. A global process can be shared with other applications, reducing resource usage.
<manifest xmlns:android='http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android' xmlns:androidprv='http://schemas.android.com/apk/prv/res/android' package='com.android.server.telecom' android:versionCode='1' android:versionName='1.0.0' coreApp='true' android:sharedUserId='android.uid.system'> <application android:label='@string/telecommAppLabel' android:icon='@mipmap/ic_launcher_phone' android:allowBackup='false' android:supportsRtl='true' android:process='system' android:usesCleartextTraffic='false' android:defaultToDeviceProtectedStorage='true' android:directBootAware='true'> .... // 包含TelecomService <service android:name='.components.TelecomService' android:singleUser='true' android:process='system'> <intent-filter> <action android:name='android.telecom.ITelecomService' /> </intent-filter> </service> .... </application> </manifest>
代碼路徑:
/android/applications/sources/services/Telecomm//android/frameworks/base/telecomm/
了解了什么是Telecom服務之后,就來看一看Telecom服務是如何啟動與初始化的。
Telecom進程的啟動與初始化
在SystemServer進程初始化完成啟動完系統的核心服務如ActivityManagerService后,就會加載系統其它服務,這其中就包含了一個與Telecom服務啟動相關的系統服務專門用于加載Telecom:
private void startOtherServices() { .... //啟動TelecomLoaderService系統服務,用于加載Telecom mSystemServiceManager.startService(TelecomLoaderService.class); // 啟動telephony注冊服務,用于注冊監聽telephony狀態的接口 telephonyRegistry = new TelephonyRegistry(context); ServiceManager.addService('telephony.registry', telephonyRegistry); }
調用系統服務管家SystemServiceManager的接口startService創建新的服務,并注冊到系統中,最后調用onStart()啟動服務。
public class SystemServiceManager { @SuppressWarnings('unchecked') public SystemService startService(String className) { final Class<SystemService> serviceClass; try { serviceClass = (Class<SystemService>)Class.forName(className); } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) { .... } return startService(serviceClass); } // 服務的class文件來創建新的服務對象(服務必須繼承SystemService) @SuppressWarnings('unchecked') public <T extends SystemService> T startService(Class<T> serviceClass) { try { final String name = serviceClass.getName(); Slog.i(TAG, 'Starting ' + name); Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_SYSTEM_SERVER, 'StartService ' + name); // Create the service. if (!SystemService.class.isAssignableFrom(serviceClass)) { throw new RuntimeException('Failed to create ' + name + ': service must extend ' + SystemService.class.getName()); } final T service; try { Constructor<T> constructor = serviceClass.getConstructor(Context.class); service = constructor.newInstance(mContext); } catch (InstantiationException ex) { throw new RuntimeException('Failed to create service ' + name + ': service could not be instantiated', ex); } .... // Register it. mServices.add(service); // Start it. try { service.onStart(); } catch (RuntimeException ex) { throw new RuntimeException('Failed to start service ' + name + ': onStart threw an exception', ex); } return service; } finally { Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_SYSTEM_SERVER); } } }
創建TelecomLoaderService系統服務,將系統默認的SMS應用,撥號應用以及SIM通話管理應用(不知道這個什么鬼)告知PackageManagerService(PMS),以便在適當的時候可以找到應用。
public class TelecomLoaderService extends SystemService { ... public TelecomLoaderService(Context context) { super(context); mContext = context; registerDefaultAppProviders(); } @Override public void onStart() { } private void registerDefaultAppProviders() { final PackageManagerInternal packageManagerInternal = LocalServices.getService( PackageManagerInternal.class); // Set a callback for the package manager to query the default sms app. packageManagerInternal.setSmsAppPackagesProvider( new PackageManagerInternal.PackagesProvider() { @Override public String[] getPackages(int userId) { synchronized (mLock) { .... ComponentName smsComponent = SmsApplication.getDefaultSmsApplication( mContext, true); if (smsComponent != null) { return new String[]{smsComponent.getPackageName()}; } return null; } }); // Set a callback for the package manager to query the default dialer app. packageManagerInternal.setDialerAppPackagesProvider( new PackageManagerInternal.PackagesProvider() { @Override public String[] getPackages(int userId) { synchronized (mLock) { .... String packageName = DefaultDialerManager.getDefaultDialerApplication(mContext); if (packageName != null) { return new String[]{packageName}; } return null; } }); // Set a callback for the package manager to query the default sim call manager. packageManagerInternal.setSimCallManagerPackagesProvider( new PackageManagerInternal.PackagesProvider() { @Override public String[] getPackages(int userId) { synchronized (mLock) { .... TelecomManager telecomManager = (TelecomManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.TELECOM_SERVICE); PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccount = telecomManager.getSimCallManager(userId); if (phoneAccount != null) { return new String[]{phoneAccount.getComponentName().getPackageName()}; } return null; } }); } }
到目前,好像Telecom服務并沒啟動,那么究竟Telecom服務在哪里啟動的了?仔細看TelecomLoaderService的源代碼,其中有一個onBootPhase的函數,用于SystemServer告知系統服務目前系統啟動所處的階段。這里可以看到,等(ActivityManagerService)AMS啟動完成以后,就可以開始連接Telecom服務了:
首先,注冊默認應用(SMS/Dialer etc)通知對象,以便這些應用發送變更(如下載了一個第三方的SMS應用時,可以通知系統這一變化); 接著,注冊運營商配置變化的廣播接收器,如果配置有變化時,系統會收到通知; 綁定TelecomService,并將其注冊到系統中。public class TelecomLoaderService extends SystemService { private static final ComponentName SERVICE_COMPONENT = new ComponentName( 'com.android.server.telecom', 'com.android.server.telecom.components.TelecomService'); private static final String SERVICE_ACTION = 'com.android.ITelecomService'; // 當前系統啟動的階段 @Override public void onBootPhase(int phase) { if (phase == PHASE_ACTIVITY_MANAGER_READY) { registerDefaultAppNotifier(); registerCarrierConfigChangedReceiver(); connectToTelecom(); } } //綁定Telecom服務 private void connectToTelecom() { synchronized (mLock) { if (mServiceConnection != null) { // TODO: Is unbinding worth doing or wait for system to rebind? mContext.unbindService(mServiceConnection); mServiceConnection = null; } TelecomServiceConnection serviceConnection = new TelecomServiceConnection(); Intent intent = new Intent(SERVICE_ACTION); intent.setComponent(SERVICE_COMPONENT); int flags = Context.BIND_IMPORTANT | Context.BIND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE | Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE; // Bind to Telecom and register the service if (mContext.bindServiceAsUser(intent, serviceConnection, flags, UserHandle.SYSTEM)) { mServiceConnection = serviceConnection; } } } }
服務綁定:https://developer.android.com/guide/components/bound-services.html
將服務添加到ServiceManager中,如果Telecom服務連接中斷時,則重新連接:
public class TelecomLoaderService extends SystemService { private class TelecomServiceConnection implements ServiceConnection { @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { // Normally, we would listen for death here, but since telecom runs in the same process // as this loader (process='system') thats redundant here. try { service.linkToDeath(new IBinder.DeathRecipient() { @Override public void binderDied() {connectToTelecom(); } }, 0); SmsApplication.getDefaultMmsApplication(mContext, false); //添加Telecom服務 ServiceManager.addService(Context.TELECOM_SERVICE, service); .... } @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { connectToTelecom(); } } }
綁定服務時,調用TelecomService的onBind接口,對整個Telecom系統進行初始化,并返回一個IBinder接口:
/** * Implementation of the ITelecom interface. */ public class TelecomService extends Service implements TelecomSystem.Component { @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { // 初始化整個Telecom系統 initializeTelecomSystem(this); //返回IBinder接口 synchronized (getTelecomSystem().getLock()) { return getTelecomSystem().getTelecomServiceImpl().getBinder(); } } }
Telecom系統初始化,主要工作是新建一個TelecomSystem的類,在這個類中,會對整個Telecom服務的相關類都初始化:
static void initializeTelecomSystem(Context context) { if (TelecomSystem.getInstance() == null) { final NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE); // 用于獲取聯系人 contactInfoHelper = new ContactInfoHelper(context); // 新建一個單例模式的對象 TelecomSystem.setInstance(new TelecomSystem(....)); } .... } }
構造一個單例TelecomSystem對象:
public TelecomSystem( Context context, /* 用戶未接來電通知類(不包括已接或者拒絕的電話) */ MissedCallNotifierImplFactory missedCallNotifierImplFactory, /* 查詢來電信息 */ CallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory callerInfoAsyncQueryFactory, /* 耳機接入狀態監聽 */ HeadsetMediaButtonFactory headsetMediaButtonFactory, /* 距離傳感器管理 */ ProximitySensorManagerFactory proximitySensorManagerFactory, /* 通話時電話管理 */ InCallWakeLockControllerFactory inCallWakeLockControllerFactory, /* 音頻服務管理 */ AudioServiceFactory audioServiceFactory, /* 藍牙設備管理 */ BluetoothPhoneServiceImplFactory bluetoothPhoneServiceImplFactory, BluetoothVoIPServiceImplFactory bluetoothVoIPServiceImplFactory, /* 查詢所有超時信息 */ Timeouts.Adapter timeoutsAdapter, /* 響鈴播放 */ AsyncRingtonePlayer asyncRingtonePlayer, /* 電話號碼幫助類 */ PhoneNumberUtilsAdapter phoneNumberUtilsAdapter, /* 通話時阻斷通知 */ InterruptionFilterProxy interruptionFilterProxy) { mContext = context.getApplicationContext(); // 初始化telecom相關的feature TelecomFeature.makeFeature(mContext); // 初始化telecom的數據庫 TelecomSystemDB.initialize(mContext); // 創建一個PhoneAccount注冊管理類 mPhoneAccountRegistrar = new PhoneAccountRegistrar(mContext); .... // 初始化通話管家,正是它負責與上層UI的交互 mCallsManager = new CallsManager( mContext, mLock, mContactsAsyncHelper, callerInfoAsyncQueryFactory, mMissedCallNotifier, mPhoneAccountRegistrar, headsetMediaButtonFactory, proximitySensorManagerFactory, inCallWakeLockControllerFactory, audioServiceFactory, bluetoothManager, wiredHeadsetManager, systemStateProvider, defaultDialerAdapter, timeoutsAdapter,AsyncRingtonePlayer, phoneNumberUtilsAdapter, interruptionFilterProxy); CallsManager.initialize(mCallsManager); // 注冊需要接收的廣播 mContext.registerReceiver(mUserSwitchedReceiver, USER_SWITCHED_FILTER); mContext.registerReceiver(mUserStartingReceiver, USER_STARTING_FILTER); mContext.registerReceiver(mFeatureChangedReceiver, FEATURE_CHANGED_FILTER); mContext.registerReceiver(mEmergencyReceiver, EMERGENCY_STATE_CHANGED); .... // 所有來電與去電的處理中轉站 mCallIntentProcessor = new CallIntentProcessor(mContext, mCallsManager); // 創建一個TelecomServiceImpl用于調用TelecomService的接口 mTelecomServiceImpl = new TelecomServiceImpl( mContext, mCallsManager, mPhoneAccountRegistrar, new CallIntentProcessor.AdapterImpl(), new UserCallIntentProcessorFactory() { @Override public UserCallIntentProcessor create(Context context, UserHandle userHandle) { return new UserCallIntentProcessor(context, userHandle); } }, defaultDialerAdapter, new TelecomServiceImpl.SubscriptionManagerAdapterImpl(), mLock); // 執行特定的初始化操作 initialize(mContext); } }
Android Telephony中的PhoneAccount到底起到個什么作用了?按照源碼中的說明來理解,PhoneAccount表示了不同的接聽或者撥打電話的方式,比如用戶可以通過SIM卡來撥打電話,也可以撥打視頻電話,抑或一個緊急通話,甚至可以通過telephony內部的接口來實現撥號,而Android正是通過PhoneAccount來區分這幾種通話方式的。與之相對應的一個類PhoneAccountHandle則是用于表示哪一個用戶正在使用通話服務。
至此整個Telecom服務就啟動完成了,這樣Telecom服務就可以處理來電或者去電了。在接下來的一篇文章里,將分析下來電是如何在Telecom中傳遞與處理,然后發送到上層UI界面的。
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